Handball: The Complete Guide to the Game, Rules, and Equipment

Introduction to Handball

Handball is a fast-paced, high-scoring team sport that combines elements of basketball, soccer, and netball. Played on a rectangular indoor court, it involves two teams of seven players each trying to throw a ball into the opposing team’s goal. The handball ball, the heart of the game, is specially designed for gripping, passing, and shooting with speed and precision. Known for its rapid tempo, handball demands agility, teamwork, and strategic play.

A Brief History of Handball

Modern handball has its roots in Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but ball games played with the hands date back to ancient civilizations. The sport became standardized in Denmark and Germany, and by the 1920s, official rules were set. Handball was first played outdoors on larger fields but transitioned to an indoor format in the 1970s to allow year-round competition. Today, it is a major sport in countries like France, Denmark, Norway, Germany, and Spain, and it has been part of the Olympic Games since 1972 for men and 1976 for women.

The Handball Ball: Unique Design Features

The handball ball is smaller than a soccer ball and designed to be gripped and controlled with one hand. Size and weight vary depending on player age and gender:

Size 3: Men’s matches, 58–60 cm circumference, 425–475 g.
Size 2: Women’s matches, 54–56 cm circumference, 325–375 g.
Size 1: Youth matches, 50–52 cm circumference, 290–330 g.

The ball’s outer layer is usually made from leather or synthetic leather with a slightly textured surface to enhance grip. Some high-quality balls feature additional foam backing for softness and control.

Rules of the Game in Brief

A standard handball match consists of two 30-minute halves with a 10-minute halftime break. Players pass, dribble, and shoot the ball toward the opponent’s goal while defending their own. Key rules include:

Three-step rule: Players can take up to three steps without dribbling.
Three-second rule: Players can hold the ball for up to three seconds before passing or dribbling.
Goal area restriction: Only the goalkeeper is allowed inside the 6-meter goal area.
Physical contact: Allowed to an extent, but dangerous or excessive contact results in penalties.

Skills Required for Handball

Handball requires a combination of physical and mental skills:

Speed and agility for quick transitions from defense to attack.
Strength and endurance to sustain high-intensity play.
Accurate passing and shooting to beat defenders and goalkeepers.
Teamwork to coordinate plays and defensive formations.
Tactical awareness to exploit openings and adapt to the opponent’s strategy.

Popular Playing Positions

Goalkeeper – Defends the goal with reflex saves, footwork, and positioning.
Wingers – Play near the sidelines, specializing in fast breaks and sharp-angled shots.
Backcourt players – Strong shooters who often take long-range shots.
Pivot (circle runner) – Plays near the opponent’s goal area, creating space and scoring from close range.

Equipment Needed for Handball

Aside from the ball, players need:

Sports shoes with good grip for indoor courts.
Comfortable sportswear that allows free movement.
Protective gear such as knee pads or elbow supports for injury prevention.
Goalkeepers may also use padded pants and long-sleeved shirts for extra protection.

Training for Handball

Handball training focuses on developing speed, coordination, and stamina. Sessions often include:

Ball-handling drills to improve grip, passing, and shooting.
Strength training for explosive power.
Agility exercises such as ladder drills.
Tactical training for both offense and defense strategies.

The Role of the Handball Ball in Gameplay

The ball’s grip and bounce are crucial for performance. A slippery or overly hard ball can make accurate passing and shooting difficult. Professional-level balls are designed to retain air pressure and shape during intense matches, while training balls may be slightly heavier for strength development.

How to Choose the Right Handball Ball

Consider these factors when selecting a handball ball:

Size and weight appropriate for the player’s category.
Material – Leather offers a premium feel; synthetic is durable and low-maintenance.
Grip – Texture and tackiness should suit your comfort.
Bounce and shape retention – Essential for consistent play.

For beginners, a synthetic ball with good grip is often the best choice. Competitive players may prefer professional leather models for optimal performance.

Caring for a Handball Ball

To prolong the life of your handball ball:

Store it in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Keep it clean by wiping off dust and sweat after matches.
Maintain proper inflation; over- or under-inflation affects play.
Avoid using it on rough outdoor surfaces, as these can damage the cover.

Popular Handball Tournaments and Leagues

Handball enjoys a strong competitive scene worldwide, with events like:

EHF Champions League – Europe’s top club competition.
IHF World Championships – Global championship held every two years.
Olympic Games – Featuring the sport since the 1970s.

Leading Handball Brands

Top handball equipment brands include Select, Molten, and Hummel. Select is famous for its match-quality balls, Molten offers durable and affordable options, and Hummel is known for stylish designs and team apparel. If you’re looking for high-quality handball balls, you can check Select’s official online store or review IHF’s approved equipment list to ensure your ball meets international standards.

Common Mistakes When Playing or Buying Handball Gear

Using the wrong ball size for your category.
Neglecting footwear grip, leading to slips on court.
Over-inflating the ball, which reduces control.
Ignoring defensive skills, focusing only on scoring.

Safety Considerations in Handball

Given its speed and physicality, handball carries some injury risks, particularly sprains and strains. Wearing proper shoes, warming up, and practicing correct landing techniques after jumps can greatly reduce these risks. Goalkeepers should be especially mindful of hand and face protection during close-range shots.

The Cultural Impact of Handball

In several European countries, handball is more than a sport—it’s a source of community pride. Clubs are often central to small towns, and major matches draw large crowds. International competitions showcase the sport’s blend of athleticism and strategy, inspiring younger generations to take up the game.

Final Thoughts

Handball combines skill, speed, and strategy in a dynamic, spectator-friendly package. Choosing the right ball, wearing proper gear, and developing a solid understanding of the rules are essential for both enjoyment and performance. Whether you play casually at a local club or aspire to compete internationally, the right preparation and equipment will elevate your game and deepen your appreciation for this exciting sport.